新文化地理学的理论统一性与话题多样性   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8  

钱俊希  朱竑 《地理研究》2015,34(3)

新文化地理学起源于20世纪80年代,是对传统文化地理学研究范式的激进反思甚至颠覆。首先,新文化地理学具有理论基础的统一性。其反对伯克利学派"超有机体"的文化观,认为"文化"并非具象的"物体",而是在特定的社会情景或社会关系之下由社会群体自下而上地建构或生产的。自然、景观、地方、空间等地理学要素也并非"文化"被动的表达或容器,而是建构意义与价值系统的关键维度。其次,新文化地理学具有研究话题的多样性。这种多样性不应该被简单理解为研究视角的分散性或破碎性,而是新文化地理学的文化观带来的必然结果。新文化地理学关注草根群体自下而上的文化实践、不同群体与不同尺度的文化事项、以及瞬息万变的日常生活经验。因此,这极大地拓展了其研究话题的广度。目前,中国地理学中有关文化的研究还处在比较边缘化的位置,但现代中国社会的高速变迁迫切地要求文化地理学者从文化的社会性与空间性出发,探讨社会成员赋予自然、景观、地方、空间等地理学要素的文化意义,以及文化这一维度在经济地理学、城市地理学等研究中的重要作用。  相似文献   

渭北台塬县级城市空间扩张的分形研究     

邢海虹  马彩虹 《地域研究与开发》2015,(2):91-95

基于RS与GIS技术,采用分形理论对渭北台塬县级城市空间扩张特征进行分析。结果表明:1990—2010年台塬区县级城市加速扩张,总面积扩大了2.86倍,年均增长率达8.7%。1990,2000,2010年县级城市空间形态分维值均值分别为1.08,1.09,1.21,变异系数分别为3.06,3.09,3.93,城市空间形态总体简单但渐趋复杂且不断分化。异速生长模型标度因子b值均小于1,人均城市空间较为合理但远未达到最优状态。1990—2000年城市以填充型扩张为主,2000—2010年以外延型扩张为主,用地集约性呈下降趋势。空间上,铜川塬、宝鸡塬扩张较快,人地关系较差;咸阳塬扩张最快,人地关系一般;渭南塬扩张相对较慢,人地关系较优。总体上,亟待加强城市规划以构建节约型城市空间增长模式。  相似文献   

基于“点—轴系统”理论的城市群边界识别   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

高晓路  许泽宁  牛方曲 《地理科学进展》2015,34(3)

合理界定城市群的边界是认识和研究城市群的必然要求,也是通过空间规划落实区域功能空间布局和发展指向的基础条件。然而,社会各界对城市群的概念尚未达成统一的认识,对城市群空间范围的理解更是莫衷一是。为此,本文从经济地理学的"点—轴系统"理论出发,对城市群的概念进行了梳理,并提出判别城市群边界的4个步骤:一是分析对象区域是否存在若干发育良好的中心城市;二是分析这个区域的城市体系是否健全,是否具有较好的资源和环境条件;三是分析城市之间是否具有较强的社会经济联系,使之具有一体化发展的社会经济基础;四是通过对城市群实际生长边界的判别,对"点—轴系统"的发育程度进行评估,从而对该区域是否已经形成城市群进行判断。较之以往的学术研究,强调城市群的发育程度也应该作为城市群判别的重要条件,同时,也通过POI数据的Densi-Graph分析提出了判别城市群发育程度的方法。基于此,对京津冀及全国主要地区城市群的形成和发育进行了分析。结果表明,长三角城市群和珠三角城市群发展较为成熟,京津冀城市群一体化程度较之偏低,长江中游城市群和成渝城市群则尚处于形成阶段。这些结论对于客观认识城市群以及制定城市群未来发展的目标和战略具有重要意义,可为多层次的空间规划和管理政策提供参考。  相似文献   

Determination of allowable subgrade frost heave with the pavement roughness index in numerical analysis     

HongYan M  Feng Zhang  DeCheng Feng  Bo Lin 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):587-593

Frost heave is an upward swelling of soil during cryogenic conditions in cold regions. It is caused by the accumulation of ice crystals in subgrade soil, which grow upwards when freezing temperatures penetrate into the subgrade. This study establishes the allowable soil subgrade frost heave based on the roughness standard of asphalt pavement in China, and aims to balance the pavement design and frost heave resistance of subgrades in cold regions. We formulated a mechanical model of pavement supported by the boundary conditions of differential frost heave, based on the elastic layered system theory. The differential soil subgrade frost heave was modeled as a sinusoidal function, and the allowable frost heave and the roughness index were modeled as the displacement boundaries for the top and bottom of the pavement structure. Then the allowable frost heave was back-calculated according to the roughness standard. Numerical results show that the allowable frost heave depends on the pavement structure, material properties, the highway grade, and other factors. In order to ensure that the actual soil subgrade frost heave is lower than the allowable frost heave, pavement structures and materials need to be selected and designed carefully. The numerical method proposed here can be applied to establish the frost heave resistance of subgrade when the pavement structure and materials are determined.  相似文献   

弹性地球自转动力学理论的研究进展     

张捍卫  刘学谦  代光萍 《测绘科学》2004,29(5):83-87

地球自转的精确测定是高精度大地参考系建立的理论基础,也是天体测量学、大地测量学和地球物理学共同关注的研究领域。研究了弹性地球自转动力学的基本理论,主要内容包括:修正了固体潮和地球自转对地球惯量张量元影响的表达式;首次给出了高阶岁差章动力矩对地球自转的影响;介绍了大气对地球自转影响的数值积分法,并给出了负荷理论方法;总结了大陆水分布对地球自转影响的数值原理;研究了海洋负荷潮汐对地球自转影响的理论和方法,在推导过程中抛弃了传统的直接数值积分法,直接以负荷引力位为基础,并将海潮潮高引入表达式中,推导出了海潮对地球自转影响的有关公式。本文给出的理论公式可为动力大地测量学和天文地球动力学的研究提供理论参考和依据。  相似文献   

基于模糊集合理论的GPS高程多面函数拟合模型平滑因子优选   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱斌  朱建军 《测绘工程》2004,13(3):35-38

建立GPS高程多面函数拟合模型,其平滑因子是否合适,对GPS水准高程测量精度将产生重要影响.基于模糊集合理论,提出平滑因子的优选方法,实例分析表明,该方法具有较好的实用价值.  相似文献   

A new insight into the contribution of environmental conditions to tropical cyclone activities          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yuan  SONG Jinjie  WU Rongsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(3):344-355

The changes of tropical cyclone (TC) activities in response to influencing environmental conditions have been paid more and more attention to in recent years. The potential contributions of single and multivariate environmental variables to annual TC frequency and intensity from 1970 to 2009 are investigated in this study. Instead of using correlation coefficient that assumes a set of samples satisfying the normal distribution, a quantitative measurement is formulated based on the information theory. The results show that dynamic environmental variables play an important role in variations of TC activities over the western North Pacific, North Atlantic, and eastern Pacific. These dynamic factors include wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa and 850-hPa relative vorticity. However, the effects of thermal factors on TC activities are distinct over different basins. The thermal environmental variables only have significant contributions to TC frequency and intensity over the eastern Pacific as well as to TC frequency over the North Atlantic. It is found that the primary factors influencing TC activities are indeed not the same over different basins because of the differences in atmospheric conditions and their changes across different areas. The effects of dynamic variables should be considered more in the regions such as the western North Pacific where the thermal conditions are always satisfied.  相似文献   

Improving gravity anomalies over China marginal sea from retracked Geosat and ERS-1 data     

HWANG Chenway 《地球空间信息科学学报》2010,13(2):144-149

The quality of altimeter data and ocean tide model is critical to the recovery of coastal gravity anomalies. In this contribution, three retracking methods (threshold, improved threshold and Beta-5) are investigated with the aim of improving the altimeter data over a shallow water area. Comparison indicates that the improved threshold is the best retracking method over China Sea. Two ocean tide models, NAO99b and CSR4.0, are analyzed. Results show that different tide models used in the processing of altimeter data may result in differences more than 10 mGal in recovered coastal gravity anomalies. Also, NAO99b is more suitable than CSR4.0 over the shallow water area of China Sea. Finally, gravity anomalies over China Sea are calculated from retracked Geosat/GM and ERS-1/GM data by least squares collocation. Comparison with shipborne gravimetry data demonstrates that gravity anomalies from retracked data are significantly superior to those from non-retracked data. Our results have the same order as the other two altimeter-derived gravity models: Sandwell&Smith(V16) and DNSC08.  相似文献   

高差差分改正理论及其在大坝变形监测中的应用     

杨敏  高波  梁先兵 《地理空间信息》2010,8(1):131-133

从高差差分改正入手介绍高差差分改正理论的原理,并推导该理论的精度模型,指出利用该理论进行改正应满足的条件,目的在于将以前学者简单提及的理论系统化的认识和分析,甚至进行更深的推广;最后介绍其在某大坝变形监测中的应用实例,认为在满足文中提出的适用条件的情况下,该理论完全能利用于具体的监测项目中。  相似文献   

Structural, curvature and electronic properties of Rh adsorption on armchair single-walled carbon nanotube     

杨培芳  吴锋民  滕波涛  刘莎  蒋健中 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

This paper systematically studies the rolling effects of the (n, n) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with different curvatures on Rh adsorption behaviours by using density functional theory. The outside charge densities of SWCNTs are found to be higher than those inside, and the differences decrease with the increase of the tube radius. This electronic property led to the discovery that the outside adsorption energies are higher than the inside ones, and that the differences are reduced with the increase of the tube radius. Partial density of states and charge density difference indicate that these strong interactions induce electron transfer between Rh atoms and SWCNTs.  相似文献